P\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb k\u00ebtij shekulli, Gjermania korri suksese t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme ekonomike, duke dominuar tregjet globale p\u00ebr produkte t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb lart\u00eb, sikurse veturat luksoze dhe makinerit\u00eb industriale, duke shitur aq shum\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, saq\u00eb gjysma e ekonomis\u00eb varej nga eksportet.<\/p>\n
Kishte shum\u00eb vende pune, fondet e Qeveris\u00eb u rrit\u00ebn, nd\u00ebrkaq vendet e tjera evropiane u mbyt\u00ebn n\u00eb borxhe dhe u shkruan libra se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb m\u00ebsonin shtetet e tjera nga Gjermania.<\/p>\n
Por, kjo nuk vlen m\u00eb. Tani, Gjermania \u00ebsht\u00eb ekonomia m\u00eb e zhvilluar n\u00eb bot\u00eb q\u00eb ka performanc\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb keqe, me Fondin Monetar Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar dhe Bashkimin Evropian q\u00eb kan\u00eb parashikuar se gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti ekonomia gjermane do t\u00eb tkurret.<\/p>\n
Kjo ndodhi pas nisjes s\u00eb pushtimit rus t\u00eb Ukrain\u00ebs dhe humbjes s\u00eb gazit t\u00eb lir\u00eb natyror t\u00eb Mosk\u00ebs \u2013 nj\u00eb tronditje e paprecedent p\u00ebr industrit\u00eb e Gjermanis\u00eb, q\u00eb varen nga energjia. Ky shtet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb ishte fuqia prodhuese e Evrop\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Performanca e dob\u00ebt e papritur e ekonomis\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, ka nxitur nj\u00eb val\u00eb kritikash dhe debatesh p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebrpara.<\/p>\n
Gjermania rrezikon \u201cdeindustrializimin\u201d pasi kostot e larta t\u00eb energjis\u00eb dhe mosveprimi i Qeveris\u00eb ndaj problemeve t\u00eb tjera kronike k\u00ebrc\u00ebnojn\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb largojn\u00eb nga vendi fabrikat e reja dhe vendet e pun\u00ebs q\u00eb paguajn\u00eb mir\u00eb, tha Christian Kullmann, shef ekzekutiv i kompanis\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe kimike gjermane, Evonik Industries AG.<\/p>\n
Nga kati i 21-t\u00eb, ku gjendet zyra e tij n\u00eb Esen n\u00eb per\u00ebndim t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb, Kullmann b\u00ebri me dor\u00eb nga simbolet e sukseseve t\u00eb m\u00ebhershme ekonomike n\u00eb rajonin industrial t\u00eb Lugin\u00ebs Ruhr: tymi q\u00eb dilte nga fabrikat e metalit, minierat gjigande t\u00eb qymyrit q\u00eb tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb mbyllur, nj\u00eb rafineri masive t\u00eb naft\u00ebs dhe nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb p\u00ebr prodhimin e kimikateve.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebto dit\u00eb, rajoni q\u00eb m\u00eb her\u00ebt kishte miniera, ku tymi i qymyrit mjegullonte qiellin, tani \u00ebsht\u00eb simbol i tranzicionit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb mbushur me turbina t\u00eb er\u00ebs dhe hap\u00ebsira t\u00eb gjelbra.<\/p>\n
Humbja e gazit t\u00eb lir\u00eb natyror rus q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej p\u00ebr fabrikat, \u201cn\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb dhimbshme ka d\u00ebmtuar modelin e bizneseve t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb gjermane\u201d, tha Kullmann p\u00ebr Associated Press. \u201cNe jemi n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb kur po prekemi shum\u00eb \u2013 po d\u00ebmtohemi \u2013 nga forcat e jashtme\u201d.<\/p>\n
Pasi Rusia nd\u00ebrpreu shumic\u00ebn e d\u00ebrgesave t\u00eb gazit t\u00eb saj p\u00ebr n\u00eb Bashkimin Evropian, duke nxitur nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb t\u00eb energjis\u00eb n\u00eb 27 shtete t\u00eb bllokut q\u00eb siguronte 40 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb karburanteve nga Moska, Qeveria gjermane i k\u00ebrkoi kompanis\u00eb Evonik t\u00eb mbante n\u00eb funksion termocentralin me qymyr edhe p\u00ebr disa muaj. Ky termocentral ishte nd\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb vitet \u201960.<\/p>\n
Kompania po heq dor\u00eb nga uzina me qymyr \u2013 q\u00eb prodhon plastik\u00eb dhe mallra t\u00eb tjera \u2013 dhe do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00eb prodhimin me dy gjenerator\u00eb me gaz, q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb me hidrogjen. Ky tranzicion \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e planeve q\u00eb t\u00eb mos emetoj\u00eb karbon deri m\u00eb 2030.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb zgjidhje shum\u00eb e debatuar: nj\u00eb tavan p\u00ebr \u00e7mimet e rrym\u00ebs q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej nga industria, e q\u00eb do t\u00eb financohej nga Qeveria n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ekonomia t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr tranzicionin e energjis\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Propozimi nga z\u00ebvend\u00ebskancelari Robert Habeck nga Partia e Gjelb\u00ebr u p\u00ebrball me rezistenc\u00eb nga kancelari gjerman, socialdemokrati Olaf Scholz, dhe nga partneri i koalicionit, Demokrat\u00ebt e Lir\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb pro bizneseve. Ambientalist\u00ebt kan\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb se ky plan vet\u00ebm do t\u00eb prolongoj\u00eb var\u00ebsin\u00eb ndaj karburanteve fosile.<\/p>\n
Kullmann e mb\u00ebshtet k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebndrim: \u201cIshin vendime t\u00eb gabuara politike q\u00eb kryesisht ndikuan n\u00eb k\u00ebto kosto t\u00eb larta t\u00eb energjis\u00eb. Dhe tani nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb po ajo industri q\u00eb kishte Gjermania, pasi pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt tani po e paguajn\u00eb \u00e7mimin\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u00c7mimi p\u00ebr gaz \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse dyfish m\u00eb i lart\u00eb krahasuar me vitin 2021, duke d\u00ebmtuar kompanit\u00eb, pasi atyre u duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin k\u00ebt\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00eb q\u00eb ta mbajn\u00eb t\u00eb shkrir\u00eb 24 or\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb metalin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb qelq, let\u00ebr apo pajisje metalike q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtesa dhe vetura.<\/p>\n
Goditja e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb gjermane ndodhi pasi partnerja kryesore tregtare, Kina, po p\u00ebrjeton nj\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsim, pas dekadash t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb madhe ekonomike.
\nK\u00ebto tronditje t\u00eb jashtme kan\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb pah se defektet n\u00eb themelet e Gjermanis\u00eb ishin injoruar gjat\u00eb viteve kur shteti kishte sukses ekonomik, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrdorimin e vonuar t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb digjitale n\u00eb Qeveri dhe biznese, por edhe proceset e gjata p\u00ebr miratimin e projekteve t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb rip\u00ebrt\u00ebrishme, q\u00eb jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme.<\/p>\n
Efektet e tjera negative: Parat\u00eb q\u00eb Qeveria kishte n\u00eb dor\u00eb erdh\u00ebn pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb vonesave n\u00eb investimet n\u00eb rrug\u00eb, n\u00eb rrjetin e hekurudhave dhe p\u00ebr mbulimin e zonave rurale me internet t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb. Nj\u00eb vendim i vitit 2011 p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbyllur centralet b\u00ebrthamore t\u00eb mbetura n\u00eb shtet tani \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsimeve lidhur me \u00e7mimet dhe munges\u00ebn e energjis\u00eb. Kompanit\u00eb po p\u00ebrballen me munges\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve t\u00eb kualifikuar, teksa n\u00eb mbar\u00eb shtetin jan\u00eb hapur pothuajse 2 milion\u00eb vende t\u00eb reja pune.<\/p>\n
Dhe, var\u00ebsia nga Rusia p\u00ebr furnizim me gaz p\u00ebrmes gazsjell\u00ebsit Rrjedha Veriore \u2013 q\u00eb u nd\u00ebrtua gjat\u00eb udh\u00ebheqjes s\u00eb ish-kancelares Angela Merkel, por q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mbyllur p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb luft\u00ebs \u2013 me vones\u00eb, Qeveria gjermane e pranoi se ishte gabim.<\/p>\n
Tani, projektet e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb past\u00ebr jan\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb burokracis\u00eb s\u00eb madhe. Po ashtu, sipas rregullave duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb distanc\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar nga sht\u00ebpit\u00eb e banuara dhe turbinat e er\u00ebs dhe kjo ka b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb rajonin e Bavaris\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohen shum\u00eb pak turbina.<\/p>\n
Projekti p\u00ebr nj\u00eb linj\u00eb elektrike \u2013 n\u00eb vler\u00eb prej 10 miliard\u00eb eurosh \u2013 q\u00eb sjell energji t\u00eb prodhuar nga era p\u00ebr industrin\u00eb n\u00eb veri dhe jug t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb po p\u00ebrballet me vonesa t\u00eb kushtueshme p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs nga politikan\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt po k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb q\u00eb linjat elektrike t\u00eb futen n\u00ebntok\u00eb. Kjo n\u00ebnkupton se projekti do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb m\u00eb 2028, e jo si\u00e7 ishte parashikuar m\u00eb 2022.<\/p>\n
Subvencionet e m\u00ebdha t\u00eb energjis\u00eb q\u00eb administrata e presidentit amerikan, Joe Biden, po u ofron kompanive q\u00eb investojn\u00eb n\u00eb SHBA, kan\u00eb ngjallur zili dhe alarm n\u00eb Gjermanin\u00eb, q\u00eb ka mbetur pas n\u00eb zhvillimin ekonomik.<\/p>\n
\u201cNe po shohim nj\u00eb konkurrenc\u00eb nga qeverit\u00eb n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn p\u00ebr teknologjit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00ebse t\u00eb s\u00eb ardhmes \u2013 t\u00ebrheq\u00ebse n\u00ebnkupton m\u00eb fitimprur\u00ebse, teknologji q\u00eb forcojn\u00eb rritjen ekonomike\u201d, tha Kullmann.<\/p>\n
Ai p\u00ebrmendi vendimin e Evonik-ut p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb fabrik\u00eb n\u00eb vler\u00eb prej 220 milion\u00eb dollar\u00ebsh p\u00ebr prodhimin e lipideve \u2013 nj\u00eb element ky\u00e7 p\u00ebr vaksinat kund\u00ebr COVID- 19 \u2013 n\u00eb Indiana t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb. Miratimet e shpejta t\u00eb projekteve dhe deri n\u00eb 150 milion\u00eb dollar\u00eb subvencione nga autoritetet amerikane kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ndryshimin, pasi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim zyrtar\u00ebt gjerman\u00eb nuk b\u00ebjn\u00eb shum\u00eb, tha ai.<\/p>\n
\u201cDo t\u00eb doja t\u00eb shihja m\u00eb shum\u00eb pragmatiz\u00ebm n\u00eb Bruksel dhe Berlin\u201d, tha Kullmann.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrkaq, kompanit\u00eb q\u00eb varen nga energjia po tentojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrballen me \u00e7mimet e larta t\u00eb saj.<\/p>\n
Drewsen Spezialpapiere, kompani q\u00eb prodhon letra dhe produkte t\u00eb tjera prej letre, bleu tri turbina t\u00eb er\u00ebs dhe i vendosi pran\u00eb fabrik\u00ebs n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mbuloj\u00eb rreth nj\u00eb t\u00eb kat\u00ebrt\u00ebn e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs p\u00ebr energji, teksa kompania po largohet nga p\u00ebrdorimi i gazit natyror.<\/p>\n
Kompania Schott AG, e specializuar p\u00ebr prodhimin e produkteve nga qelqi ka eksperimentuar me z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimin e gazit me hidrogjen p\u00ebr rezervuar\u00ebt e saj p\u00ebr prodhimin e qelqit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin k\u00ebrkohen temperatura deri n\u00eb 1.700 grad\u00eb celsius.<\/p>\n
Ky eksperiment funksionoi, por vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, pasi hidrogjeni transportohet p\u00ebrmes kamion\u00ebve. Sasi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb hidrogjenit q\u00eb prodhohen p\u00ebrmes energjis\u00eb s\u00eb rip\u00ebrt\u00ebrishme dhe transportimi i tij p\u00ebrmes tubacioneve, ende nuk ekzistojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Scholz ka k\u00ebrkuar q\u00eb tranzicioni i energjis\u00eb t\u00eb \u201cmarr\u00eb hov\u201d n\u00eb Gjermani, teksa shteti pas shk\u00ebputjes nga gazi rus me urgjenc\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoi kat\u00ebr terminale lundruese p\u00ebr gaz natyror. Gazi i l\u00ebngsh\u00ebm natyror vjen n\u00eb terminale p\u00ebrmes anijeve nga SHBA-ja, Katari dhe gjetk\u00eb. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb produkt m\u00eb i shtrenjt\u00eb sesa gazi q\u00eb Gjermania merrte p\u00ebrmes tubacioneve nga Rusia, por Gjermania \u00ebsht\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb furnizohet me t\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, mospajtimet mes partner\u00ebve t\u00eb koalicionit qeveris\u00ebs p\u00ebr \u00e7mimin tavan p\u00ebr energjin\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ligj q\u00eb ndalon p\u00ebrdorimin e furrave t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr gaz, kan\u00eb zem\u00ebruar biznesmen\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
Kullmann nga Evonik-u i cil\u00ebsoi propozimet e reja t\u00eb Qeveris\u00eb \u2013 p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb leht\u00ebsimet tatimore p\u00ebr investitor\u00ebt q\u00eb synojn\u00eb t\u00eb reduktojn\u00eb burokracin\u00eb \u2013 si \u201cfash\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n
Gjermania u vet\u00ebk\u00ebnaq gjat\u00eb \u201cdekad\u00ebs s\u00eb art\u00eb\u201d t\u00eb rritjes ekonomike n\u00eb vitet 2010-2020. Rritja u bazua n\u00eb reformat e kryera nga kancelari Gerhard Schroeder n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn 2003-2005, reforma q\u00eb ul\u00ebn kostot e pun\u00ebs dhe rrit\u00ebn konkurrenc\u00ebn, tha Holger Schmieding, shef i ekonomist\u00ebve n\u00eb bank\u00ebn Berenberg.<\/p>\n
\u201cPerceptimi lidhur me fuqin\u00eb e Gjermanis\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb kontribuar po ashtu n\u00eb marrjen e vendimeve t\u00eb gabuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb hequr dor\u00eb nga energjia b\u00ebrthamore, p\u00ebr ndalimin e gazit natyror dhe p\u00ebr t\u2019u varur nga gazi rus\u201d, tha ai. \u201cGjermania po paguan \u00e7mimin p\u00ebr politikat e saj energjetike\u201d.<\/p>\n
Schmieding, q\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 1998 e kishte quajtur Gjermanin\u00eb \u201ct\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00ebn e Evrop\u00ebs\u201d, tha se ky cil\u00ebsim m\u00eb nuk q\u00ebndron, duke pasur parasysh nivelin e ul\u00ebt t\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe financat e forta t\u00eb Qeveris\u00eb. K\u00ebto, sipas tij, i mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb manovruar, por po ashtu ulin presionin q\u00eb shteti t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb ndryshime.<\/p>\n
Ai tha se hapi m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet menj\u00ebher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019u jepet fund paqart\u00ebsive lidhur me \u00e7mimet e energjis\u00eb, edhe pse nj\u00eb \u00e7mim tavan, sipas Schmieding, do t\u00eb ndihmonte edhe kompanit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha, jo vet\u00ebm ato t\u00eb vogla.<\/p>\n
Cilado politik\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb vendoset \u201cdo t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb ndihm\u00eb e madhe n\u00ebse Qeveria do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb merrej vesh shpejt p\u00ebr to, pasi kompanit\u00eb duhet t\u00eb din\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb po b\u00ebjn\u00eb dhe si t\u00eb planifikojn\u00eb pun\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb rrethanat n\u00eb shtet, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mos vonojn\u00eb vendimet p\u00ebr investime\u201d, tha ai.\/REL<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
P\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb k\u00ebtij shekulli, Gjermania korri suksese t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme ekonomike, duke dominuar tregjet globale p\u00ebr produkte t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb lart\u00eb, sikurse<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":17038,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bota"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17037","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17037"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17037\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17038"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17037"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17037"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17037"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}