{"id":18124,"date":"2023-10-04T13:26:25","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T11:26:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/indeks.mk\/?p=18124"},"modified":"2023-10-04T13:26:25","modified_gmt":"2023-10-04T11:26:25","slug":"pse-tregu-pasuron-njerez-te-padobishem-ose-te-demshem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/?p=18124","title":{"rendered":"Pse tregu pasuron njer\u00ebz t\u00eb padobish\u00ebm ose t\u00eb d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Nga Jacques Attali<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pyetjet m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira jan\u00eb zakonisht m\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshtat. T\u00eb ashtuquajturit ekspert\u00eb u shmangen atyre, p\u00ebr t\u2019u ushqyer (fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr fjal\u00eb dhe figurativisht) me debate t\u00eb paqarta, me tema t\u00eb vogla, duke harruar t\u00eb interesohen p\u00ebr gj\u00ebrat thelb\u00ebsore, p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht sepse i v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb siklet.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb ekonomi, ne debatojm\u00eb pafund p\u00ebr efikasitetin e tregjeve, rolin e konkurrenc\u00ebs dhe r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e inovacionit. Q\u00eb nga d\u00ebshtimi tragjik i ekonomive t\u00eb centralizuara, ne shpenzojm\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb, shkruajm\u00eb shum\u00eb libra, shp\u00ebrndajm\u00eb shum\u00eb \u00e7mime (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7mim t\u00eb rrem\u00eb Nobel n\u00eb ekonomi, financuar nga bankat) p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar pse tregjet jan\u00eb m\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndar\u00eb mallrat e pakta dhe se tregu mjafton, p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjen ideale, p\u00ebr t\u00eb hequr t\u00eb gjitha pengesat ndaj konkurrenc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb qirat\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarje katastrofike t\u00eb burimeve n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebtve dhe se shp\u00ebrndarja publike e t\u00eb mirave private \u00ebsht\u00eb joefektive, mbetet fakti se shp\u00ebrndarja e t\u00eb mirave publike nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e drejt\u00eb dhe as efektive, n\u00ebse ajo vendoset n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb autoritare nga nj\u00eb klan, privat apo publik, si\u00e7 ndodh ende n\u00eb shum\u00eb shoq\u00ebri; sidomos kur shtohet korrupsioni.<\/p>\n

Prandaj kemi ardhur n\u00eb iden\u00eb se dy mekanizmat m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjen e burimeve jan\u00eb tregu p\u00ebr mallrat private dhe demokracia p\u00ebr t\u00eb mirat publike.<\/p>\n

Sigurisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb larg nga t\u00eb q\u00ebnit kaq e thjesht\u00eb. Ka nj\u00eb mij\u00eb kategori t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjetme mallrash, nj\u00eb mij\u00eb forma tregu dhe po aq modelesh demokracie. Ka nj\u00eb mij\u00eb ndikime t\u00eb tregut n\u00eb politik\u00eb dhe t\u00eb politik\u00ebs n\u00eb treg.<\/p>\n

Disa arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se kapitalizmi kontrollon politik\u00ebn (dhe kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb larg t\u00eb qenit rasti t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara). T\u00eb tjer\u00eb nxjerrin p\u00ebrfundimin se, p\u00ebrkundrazi, politika dhe administrata vendosin rregulla dhe ngarkesa q\u00eb paralizojn\u00eb tregjet (dhe ka edhe t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pohim).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb \u00e7do rast, ne p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht harrojm\u00eb nj\u00eb pyetje ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb: pse tregu nuk i inkurajon kompanit\u00eb t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e dobishme p\u00ebr konsumator\u00ebt, si\u00e7 duhet? Pse kompanit\u00eb q\u00eb nxjerrin m\u00eb shum\u00eb fitime, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00ebrheqin m\u00eb shum\u00eb kapital dhe b\u00ebjn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb investime, jan\u00eb kompanit\u00eb e \u201cekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb vdekjes\u201d, q\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrdorin l\u00ebnd\u00eb djeg\u00ebse fosile, sheqerna artificiale dhe barna, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha format e mundshme. Dhe jo ato q\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb produkte ushqimore t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetshme, uj\u00eb t\u00eb past\u00ebr, energji t\u00eb rinovueshme, arsim, sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsi, kultur\u00eb. Disa nga mallrat dhe sh\u00ebrbimet e ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb jet\u00ebs jan\u00eb publike dhe duhet t\u00eb mbeten t\u00eb tilla. Ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb privuar nga ajo duhet t\u00eb zhvillohen m\u00eb tej.<\/p>\n

Dhe, rrjedhimisht, pse njer\u00ebzit m\u00eb t\u00eb pasur n\u00eb bot\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb ata q\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb mallrat m\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr lumturin\u00eb e njer\u00ebzve dhe mbijetes\u00ebn e njer\u00ebzimit?<\/p>\n

Ata do t\u00eb m\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen: \u201cKush je ti q\u00eb vendos se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e dobishme p\u00ebr lumturin\u00eb e njer\u00ebzve dhe mbijetes\u00ebn e njer\u00ebzimit? N\u00ebse njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur duke i shpenzuar parat\u00eb e tyre si t\u00eb duan, pse ju shqet\u00ebson kjo? \u201c. Un\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjem: \u201cM\u00eb shqet\u00ebson sepse k\u00ebto para mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren m\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb lejonte njer\u00ebzimin t\u00eb mbijetonte.\u201d<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, sot, konsumator\u00ebt shohin shum\u00eb shpejt p\u00ebrfitimet, sado t\u00eb shpejta, t\u00eb produkteve t\u00eb\u00a0ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb vdekjes<\/em>, t\u00eb cilat po i vrasin dhe po rr\u00ebnojn\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen e planetit; dhe vet\u00ebm shum\u00eb ngadal\u00eb shohin avantazhet e ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb jet\u00ebs, e cila megjithat\u00eb siguron mbijetes\u00ebn e brezave t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm. Dhe nga kjo, prodhuesit p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb: ata prodhojn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb krijon fitimin m\u00eb t\u00eb menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm. Si mund t\u2019i faj\u00ebsoni ata? Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb kushti p\u00ebr mbijetes\u00ebn e tyre.<\/p>\n

Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht roli kryesor i politik\u00ebs: t\u00eb prezantoj\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat afatgjata n\u00eb sjelljen e tregut, ose duke edukuar konsumator\u00ebt, ose duke nxitur prodhuesit, ose duke i kufizuar t\u00eb dyja.<\/p>\n

Deri m\u00eb tani, ai nuk ka mundur ta b\u00ebj\u00eb at\u00eb si\u00e7 duhet. Dhe po b\u00ebhet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb keq. Politika nuk njeh, nuk guxon, nuk d\u00ebshiron t\u2019i drejtoj\u00eb bizneset drejt ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb jet\u00ebs; as nuk di t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb fitimprur\u00ebse sektor\u00ebt e ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb jet\u00ebs. Dhe kur e b\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb, ai kritikohet se i lejon kompanit\u00eb private t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb fitime n\u00eb pron\u00ebn publike.<\/p>\n

Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kontradikt\u00eb. \u00cbnd\u00ebrroj momentin kur rregulloret, taksat, subvencionet do ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb absurde k\u00ebrkimin dhe shfryt\u00ebzimin e naft\u00ebs dhe prodhimin e helmeve n\u00eb industrin\u00eb agroushqimore.<\/p>\n

Dhe ku askush nuk do t\u00eb ankohet se sheh kompani private duke b\u00ebr\u00eb fitime me produkte dhe sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr brezat e ardhsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Jacques Attali Pyetjet m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira jan\u00eb zakonisht m\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshtat. T\u00eb ashtuquajturit ekspert\u00eb u shmangen atyre, p\u00ebr t\u2019u ushqyer (fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr fjal\u00eb dhe<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":18125,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinione"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18124","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18124"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18124\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/indeks.bilten.mk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}